Corrosión en infraestructuras petroleras y materiales de protección avanzada
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63618/omd/revinvlid/v2/n4/43Palabras clave:
corrosión petrolera, infraestructura energética, recubrimientos avanzados, integridad de activos, protección anticorrosivaResumen
La corrosión compromete la integridad, continuidad operativa y sostenibilidad económica de ductos, tanques y equipos estáticos petroleros expuestos a condiciones químicas, térmicas, biológicas y ambientales variables. El estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar los mecanismos de deterioro y el desempeño técnico-económico de materiales de protección avanzada aplicables a la industria petrolera ecuatoriana y latinoamericana. Se desarrolló una investigación cualitativa, documental, no experimental, longitudinal y descriptiva, basada en publicaciones e informes del periodo 2021–2025, examinados mediante análisis de contenido y síntesis temática. Los resultados mostraron que la disminución de la corrosión uniforme pudo coexistir con el incremento del daño localizado; además, los recubrimientos nanocompuestos, autorreparables y superhidrofóbicos presentaron mejoras diferenciadas en impedancia, durabilidad y eficiencia anticorrosiva. La envoltura compuesta redujo entre 30 % y 78 % los costos relativos de reparación, aunque su conveniencia ambiental dependió del escenario evaluado. Estos hallazgos indican que ninguna tecnología resultó universalmente superior, debido a la heterogeneidad de sustratos, condiciones de ensayo y mecanismos de protección. Se concluyó que la selección anticorrosiva debe integrar criticidad del activo, ambiente de exposición, desempeño multifuncional, mantenimiento, costo del ciclo de vida e impacto ambiental.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Ruiz-Sánchez, Clara Isabel (Autor/a)
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
